Электричество и магнетизм · GCSE Physics Topic 4 (Electricity)
Симулятор неисправностей в цепи и реостата
Симулятор последовательно-параллельных цепей, реостата и поиска обрывов и коротких замыканий
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- Вывод формул
- Режим проектора
- Печатный лист A4
Окно 3D симуляции● 60 FPS
Параметры эксперимента
V
Ω
Ω
Расчёты и показатели в реальном времени
Ток амперметра I
--
Вольтметр на R1 U1
--
Напряжение на R2 U2
--
Состояние цепи
--
Вывод формул в реальном времени
Основная формула:
--Подстановка значений:
--Физическое состояние: --
Связанный инструмент:
⚡ Standard Tool: Ohm's Law Calculator ↗
Версия для начальной школы:🎮 Зажги лампочку: простые цепи ↗
Разбор типовых задач и анализ экзаменационных ошибок
Worked Problem
Условие задачи: In series circuit (E=6V, R1=10Ω, R2), ammeter reads 0A while voltmeter across R1 reads 6V. Diagnose the fault.
Пошаговый вывод формул:
- R1 has an open circuit! Zero current means an open branch; voltmeter reading 6V proves the rest of the circuit is intact and R1 is severed.
Worked Problem
Условие задачи: A rheostat reads "50Ω 1.5A". What do these mean? Why connect "one top, one bottom" terminal?
Пошаговый вывод формул:
- "50Ω" is maximum resistance, "1.5A" is maximum continuous safe current. "One top one bottom" ensures variable resistance path.
Рабочий лист для урока и домашние задания
Q1. Variant 1: Where should the rheostat slider be positioned before closing the circuit switch? Why?
Answer Key: At maximum resistance (furthest from active bottom terminal) to minimize initial inrush current, protecting meters and bulbs.
Q2. Variant 2: What is the "series-reverse, parallel-same" dynamic circuit heuristic?
Answer Key: When variable resistance R increases: voltage and current across series components decrease ("series-reverse"); across parallel branches they increase ("parallel-same").
Q3. Variant 3: In a parallel circuit, if one branch opens, do others fail? Why are home appliances wired in parallel?
Answer Key: Unchanged! Parallel branches receive independent line voltage. Home parallel wiring guarantees independent operation when any one switch is toggled.
Часто задаваемые вопросы и типичные заблуждения
Can a voltmeter be connected directly across a battery? What about an ammeter?
Voltmeter: YES (huge internal resistance draws negligible current). Ammeter: STRICTLY FORBIDDEN (near-zero resistance causes dead short, burning the meter).
Why does a bulb turn off when short-circuited?
A short places zero-resistance wire across the bulb; virtually all current bypasses through the wire, depriving the bulb of voltage and power.
What are the two common triggers for residential circuit breaker trips?
1) Short circuit (hot and neutral touch directly, infinite current trip); 2) electrical overload (excessive appliances run simultaneously, I = P/U exceeds rated trip current).
In a series circuit, does a larger resistor take more or less voltage?
More voltage! Current is uniform (I1=I2). By U = IR, voltage divides in direct proportion to resistance (U1/U2 = R1/R2).