Elektrizität & Magnetismus · GCSE Physics Topic 4 (Electricity)
Stromkreisfehler- & Rheostat-Simulator
Reihen- und Parallelschaltung, Schiebewiderstand und Fehlersuche: Kurzschluss und Unterbrechung
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3D-Simulationsfenster● 60 FPS
Experimentelle Steuerungsparameter
V
Ω
Ω
Echtzeit-Herleitung & Kennzahlen
Amperemeterstrom I
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Voltmeter an R1 U1
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Spannung an R2 U2
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Zustand des Stromkreises
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Echtzeit-Formelherleitung
Grundformel:
--Einsetzungsschritte:
--Physikalischer Zustand: --
Passendes Tool:
⚡ Standard Tool: Ohm's Law Calculator ↗
Grundschulversion:🎮 Lämpchen zum Leuchten bringen ↗
Typische Beispielaufgaben & Prüfungsfallen
Worked Problem
Aufgabe: In series circuit (E=6V, R1=10Ω, R2), ammeter reads 0A while voltmeter across R1 reads 6V. Diagnose the fault.
Schrittweise Herleitung:
- R1 has an open circuit! Zero current means an open branch; voltmeter reading 6V proves the rest of the circuit is intact and R1 is severed.
Worked Problem
Aufgabe: A rheostat reads "50Ω 1.5A". What do these mean? Why connect "one top, one bottom" terminal?
Schrittweise Herleitung:
- "50Ω" is maximum resistance, "1.5A" is maximum continuous safe current. "One top one bottom" ensures variable resistance path.
Arbeitsblatt für den Unterricht & Hausaufgaben
Q1. Variant 1: Where should the rheostat slider be positioned before closing the circuit switch? Why?
Answer Key: At maximum resistance (furthest from active bottom terminal) to minimize initial inrush current, protecting meters and bulbs.
Q2. Variant 2: What is the "series-reverse, parallel-same" dynamic circuit heuristic?
Answer Key: When variable resistance R increases: voltage and current across series components decrease ("series-reverse"); across parallel branches they increase ("parallel-same").
Q3. Variant 3: In a parallel circuit, if one branch opens, do others fail? Why are home appliances wired in parallel?
Answer Key: Unchanged! Parallel branches receive independent line voltage. Home parallel wiring guarantees independent operation when any one switch is toggled.
Häufige Fragen & typische Missverständnisse
Can a voltmeter be connected directly across a battery? What about an ammeter?
Voltmeter: YES (huge internal resistance draws negligible current). Ammeter: STRICTLY FORBIDDEN (near-zero resistance causes dead short, burning the meter).
Why does a bulb turn off when short-circuited?
A short places zero-resistance wire across the bulb; virtually all current bypasses through the wire, depriving the bulb of voltage and power.
What are the two common triggers for residential circuit breaker trips?
1) Short circuit (hot and neutral touch directly, infinite current trip); 2) electrical overload (excessive appliances run simultaneously, I = P/U exceeds rated trip current).
In a series circuit, does a larger resistor take more or less voltage?
More voltage! Current is uniform (I1=I2). By U = IR, voltage divides in direct proportion to resistance (U1/U2 = R1/R2).