Eletricidade e eletromagnetismo · GCSE Physics Topic 4 (Electricity)
Simulador de falhas em circuitos e reostato
Simulador de circuitos série-paralelo, reostatos e diagnóstico de falhas elétricas
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- Sem cadastro
- Dedução ao vivo
- Modo projetor
- Folha de exercícios A4
Janela de simulação 3D● 60 FPS
Variáveis de controle do experimento
V
Ω
Ω
Deduções e métricas em tempo real
Corrente do amperímetro I
--
Voltímetro em R1 U1
--
Tensão em R2 U2
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Estado do circuito
--
Dedução de fórmulas em tempo real
Fórmula fundamental:
--Substituição de valores:
--Estado físico: --
Ferramenta relacionada:
⚡ Standard Tool: Ohm's Law Calculator ↗
Versão para o fundamental:🎮 Acenda a lâmpada: circuitos simples ↗
Exemplos clássicos e armadilhas de exame
Worked Problem
Problema: In series circuit (E=6V, R1=10Ω, R2), ammeter reads 0A while voltmeter across R1 reads 6V. Diagnose the fault.
Derivação passo a passo:
- R1 has an open circuit! Zero current means an open branch; voltmeter reading 6V proves the rest of the circuit is intact and R1 is severed.
Worked Problem
Problema: A rheostat reads "50Ω 1.5A". What do these mean? Why connect "one top, one bottom" terminal?
Derivação passo a passo:
- "50Ω" is maximum resistance, "1.5A" is maximum continuous safe current. "One top one bottom" ensures variable resistance path.
Folha de investigação em aula e exercícios
Q1. Variant 1: Where should the rheostat slider be positioned before closing the circuit switch? Why?
Answer Key: At maximum resistance (furthest from active bottom terminal) to minimize initial inrush current, protecting meters and bulbs.
Q2. Variant 2: What is the "series-reverse, parallel-same" dynamic circuit heuristic?
Answer Key: When variable resistance R increases: voltage and current across series components decrease ("series-reverse"); across parallel branches they increase ("parallel-same").
Q3. Variant 3: In a parallel circuit, if one branch opens, do others fail? Why are home appliances wired in parallel?
Answer Key: Unchanged! Parallel branches receive independent line voltage. Home parallel wiring guarantees independent operation when any one switch is toggled.
Perguntas frequentes e erros comuns
Can a voltmeter be connected directly across a battery? What about an ammeter?
Voltmeter: YES (huge internal resistance draws negligible current). Ammeter: STRICTLY FORBIDDEN (near-zero resistance causes dead short, burning the meter).
Why does a bulb turn off when short-circuited?
A short places zero-resistance wire across the bulb; virtually all current bypasses through the wire, depriving the bulb of voltage and power.
What are the two common triggers for residential circuit breaker trips?
1) Short circuit (hot and neutral touch directly, infinite current trip); 2) electrical overload (excessive appliances run simultaneously, I = P/U exceeds rated trip current).
In a series circuit, does a larger resistor take more or less voltage?
More voltage! Current is uniform (I1=I2). By U = IR, voltage divides in direct proportion to resistance (U1/U2 = R1/R2).