Электричество и магнетизм · GCSE Physics Topic 4 (Electricity & Power)
Симулятор электрической мощности и яркости ламп
Симулятор номинальной и фактической мощности ламп при последовательном и параллельном включении
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- Вывод формул
- Режим проектора
- Печатный лист A4
Окно 3D симуляции● 60 FPS
Параметры эксперимента
V
W
W
Расчёты и показатели в реальном времени
Фактическая мощность лампы 1
--
Фактическая мощность лампы 2
--
Сопротивление лампы 1 R1
--
Сопротивление лампы 2 R2
--
Вывод формул в реальном времени
Основная формула:
--Подстановка значений:
--Физическое состояние: --
Версия для начальной школы:🎮 Зажги лампочку: простые цепи ↗
Разбор типовых задач и анализ экзаменационных ошибок
Worked Problem
Условие задачи: Bulbs L1 (6V 3W) and L2 (6V 6W) wired in series across 9V. Which lights normally? Does either burn out?
Пошаговый вывод формул:
- I1_rated = 0.5A, R1 = 12Ω. I2_rated = 1.0A, R2 = 6Ω. Series current I = 9/(12+6) = 0.5A. L1 operates at rated 0.5A normally; L2 operates dimly; neither burns.
Worked Problem
Условие задачи: An electric meter reads 3000 rev/(kW·h). A kettle alone turns disk 150 rev in 3 min. Find its actual electrical power.
Пошаговый вывод формул:
- Energy consumed W = 150/3000 = 0.05 kW·h = 180 kJ. Time t = 180s. Actual power P = W/t = 180,000/180 = 1000W.
Рабочий лист для урока и домашние задания
Q1. Variant 1: Comparing 220V 40W and 220V 100W incandescent bulbs, which filament is thicker?
Answer Key: From R = U²/P, higher power requires lower resistance. The 100W bulb has lower resistance and a thicker, shorter tungsten filament.
Q2. Variant 2: In measuring bulb power, can multiple trial wattages be averaged as "rated power"? Why?
Answer Key: Never! Actual power varies with voltage. Rated power is defined strictly at rated voltage. Averaging different voltage trials is physically meaningless.
Q3. Variant 3: Why do incandescent lightbulbs almost always burn out the instant they are switched on?
Answer Key: Cold tungsten has 10x lower resistance than at operating temperature. Turning it on creates a massive 10x current surge that blows weak spots.
Часто задаваемые вопросы и типичные заблуждения
Is "kWh" a unit of power or energy? How many Joules is 1 kWh?
Energy! 1 kWh = 1000W * 3600s = 3.6*10^6 Joules (3.6 MJ). It powers a 100W bulb for 10 hours.
Why are LED bulbs far more energy-efficient than incandescent bulbs?
Incandescent bulbs waste >90% of electricity as invisible thermal infrared heat. LEDs generate light via solid-state electroluminescence at >50% efficiency.
To connect two 110V bulbs in series across 220V, what condition must hold?
Their rated wattages must be strictly identical! Otherwise unequal resistances split voltage unequally, overvolting and blowing the higher-resistance bulb.
Do household appliances consume power in standby mode?
Yes! Internal power transformers and microcontrollers remain energized, drawing 0.5W to 5W per device continuously (phantom load).