Óptica geométrica e ondas · GCSE Physics Topic 6
Simulador de câmara escura e eclipses
Simulador de câmara escura e eclipses: propagação retilínea da luz e penumbra
- No navegador
- Sem cadastro
- Dedução ao vivo
- Modo projetor
- Folha de exercícios A4
Janela de simulação 3D● 60 FPS
Variáveis de controle do experimento
cm
cm
mm
Deduções e métricas em tempo real
Ampliação da imagem M
--
Qualidade e tipo da imagem
--
Orientação da imagem
--
Modo eclipse astronômico
--
Dedução de fórmulas em tempo real
Fórmula fundamental:
--Substituição de valores:
--Estado físico: --
Exemplos clássicos e armadilhas de exame
Worked Problem
Problema: A 6cm candle is 10cm from pinhole, screen is 25cm away. Find image height and nature.
Derivação passo a passo:
- By similar triangles: H / 6 = 25 / 10 => H = 15cm. The image is inverted, magnified and real.
Worked Problem
Problema: Under sunny tree canopy, circular spots cover the ground. What are they? What shape during partial solar eclipse?
Derivação passo a passo:
- Circular patches are pinhole images of the round sun. During a partial solar eclipse, they all turn into crescents.
Folha de investigação em aula e exercícios
Q1. Variant 1: Does pinhole inversion also flip left and right? How to verify experimentally?
Answer Key: Yes! Pinhole inversion is a 180° point reflection (central inversion), flipping both top/bottom and left/right.
Q2. Variant 2: What is the spatial alignment order of Sun, Earth, and Moon during solar and lunar eclipses?
Answer Key: Solar eclipse: Sun - Moon - Earth (Moon shadows Earth). Lunar eclipse: Sun - Earth - Moon (Earth shadows Moon).
Q3. Variant 3: What is the speed of light in vacuum? Is it faster or slower in water and glass?
Answer Key: Vacuum speed c ≈ 3.0*10^8 m/s. In water (2.25*10^8 m/s) and glass (2.0*10^8 m/s), light travels slower since v = c/n.
Perguntas frequentes e erros comuns
Why is a pinhole camera image always a real image?
Real images are formed by intersecting actual light rays and can be captured on physical screens or photographic film.
Why does an excessively large aperture blur out the image?
A large hole acts like thousands of overlapping tiny pinholes, blurring individual inverted images into an unstructured illumination blob.
What distinguishes total, annular, and partial solar eclipses?
Total: observer in lunar umbra. Annular: in antumbra (golden ring left). Partial: in penumbra (crescent bite).
Why are there annular solar eclipses but no "annular lunar eclipses"?
Earth is much larger than the Moon; Earth's umbral shadow at the Moon is 2.7x Moon's diameter, completely enveloping it.