Геометрическая оптика и волны · GCSE Physics Topic 6
Симулятор камеры-обскуры и затмений
Симулятор камеры-обскуры и солнечных затмений: прямолинейное распространение света
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- Вывод формул
- Режим проектора
- Печатный лист A4
Окно 3D симуляции● 60 FPS
Параметры эксперимента
cm
cm
mm
Расчёты и показатели в реальном времени
Увеличение M
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Качество и тип изображения
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Ориентация изображения
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Режим затмения
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Вывод формул в реальном времени
Основная формула:
--Подстановка значений:
--Физическое состояние: --
Разбор типовых задач и анализ экзаменационных ошибок
Worked Problem
Условие задачи: A 6cm candle is 10cm from pinhole, screen is 25cm away. Find image height and nature.
Пошаговый вывод формул:
- By similar triangles: H / 6 = 25 / 10 => H = 15cm. The image is inverted, magnified and real.
Worked Problem
Условие задачи: Under sunny tree canopy, circular spots cover the ground. What are they? What shape during partial solar eclipse?
Пошаговый вывод формул:
- Circular patches are pinhole images of the round sun. During a partial solar eclipse, they all turn into crescents.
Рабочий лист для урока и домашние задания
Q1. Variant 1: Does pinhole inversion also flip left and right? How to verify experimentally?
Answer Key: Yes! Pinhole inversion is a 180° point reflection (central inversion), flipping both top/bottom and left/right.
Q2. Variant 2: What is the spatial alignment order of Sun, Earth, and Moon during solar and lunar eclipses?
Answer Key: Solar eclipse: Sun - Moon - Earth (Moon shadows Earth). Lunar eclipse: Sun - Earth - Moon (Earth shadows Moon).
Q3. Variant 3: What is the speed of light in vacuum? Is it faster or slower in water and glass?
Answer Key: Vacuum speed c ≈ 3.0*10^8 m/s. In water (2.25*10^8 m/s) and glass (2.0*10^8 m/s), light travels slower since v = c/n.
Часто задаваемые вопросы и типичные заблуждения
Why is a pinhole camera image always a real image?
Real images are formed by intersecting actual light rays and can be captured on physical screens or photographic film.
Why does an excessively large aperture blur out the image?
A large hole acts like thousands of overlapping tiny pinholes, blurring individual inverted images into an unstructured illumination blob.
What distinguishes total, annular, and partial solar eclipses?
Total: observer in lunar umbra. Annular: in antumbra (golden ring left). Partial: in penumbra (crescent bite).
Why are there annular solar eclipses but no "annular lunar eclipses"?
Earth is much larger than the Moon; Earth's umbral shadow at the Moon is 2.7x Moon's diameter, completely enveloping it.