Eletricidade e eletromagnetismo · AP Physics 2
Simulador de transformador elétrico e linhas de transmissão
Simulador de transformador ideal e perdas na transmissão de alta tensão: U1/U2 = N1/N2
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- Dedução ao vivo
- Modo projetor
- Folha de exercícios A4
Janela de simulação 3D● 60 FPS
Variáveis de controle do experimento
V
voltas
voltas
Ω
Deduções e métricas em tempo real
Tensão secundária U2
--
Corrente secundária I2
--
Corrente primária I1
--
Potência transferida P
--
Dedução de fórmulas em tempo real
Fórmula fundamental:
--Substituição de valores:
--Estado físico: --
Exemplos clássicos e armadilhas de exame
Worked Problem
Problema: Ideal transformer (220V in, n1:n2 = 11:1) powers a 20V 40W bulb. Find output voltage and primary current.
Derivação passo a passo:
- U2 = 220*(1/11) = 20V. Output power = 40W. Ideal power balance P1 = P2 = 40W => I1 = 40/220 = 0.182A.
Worked Problem
Problema: Power plant exports 100kW over 10kV line (R=10Ω). Calculate current, transmission loss, and grid efficiency.
Derivação passo a passo:
- Current I = 100kW/10kV = 10A. Line loss P_loss = 10²*10 = 1000W = 1kW. Delivered power = 99kW. Efficiency = 99%.
Folha de investigação em aula e exercícios
Q1. Variant 1: In ideal transformers, does primary dictate secondary, or vice versa, for voltage vs power?
Answer Key: Voltage is dictated by primary (input U1 sets U2). Current and power are dictated by secondary load (load demand sets I1 and P1).
Q2. Variant 2: Can a transformer step up or down steady DC voltage? Why or why not?
Answer Key: Never! Transformers rely on mutual induction. Steady DC produces static magnetic flux (dΦ/dt = 0), inducing zero secondary voltage.
Q3. Variant 3: When the secondary is open circuit (no load), does the primary draw current or power?
Answer Key: In ideal models, input power is zero. Real transformers draw a tiny magnetizing idle current to maintain core flux, dissipating minor core heat.
Perguntas frequentes e erros comuns
Does a transformer change the frequency of AC power?
Never! Transformers alter voltage and current amplitudes only. Frequency remains strictly identical (e.g. 50Hz stays 50Hz).
With multiple secondary windings, does I1/I2 = n2/n1 still apply?
No! Single-secondary ratio formula fails. Use total power balance: P_in = P_out1 + P_out2 (U1*I1 = U2*I2 + U3*I3).
Why is Ultra-High Voltage (UHV ±1100kV) grid technology a strategic engineering marvel?
Transfers clean hydropower and solar from western regions 3,000+ km to coastal cities with minimal line loss.
Does an idle phone charger plugged into the wall consume electricity when phone is unplugged?
Yes! The internal switched transformer draws ~0.05W to 0.2W phantom power to maintain idle circuitry; unplugging prevents vampire drain and aging.