Elektrizität & Magnetismus · AP Physics 2
Transformator- & Fernleitungs-Simulator
Idealer Transformator & Leitungsverluste im Hochspannungsnetz: Übersetzungsverhältnis U1/U2 = N1/N2
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3D-Simulationsfenster● 60 FPS
Experimentelle Steuerungsparameter
V
Umdrehungen
Umdrehungen
Ω
Echtzeit-Herleitung & Kennzahlen
Sekundärspannung U2
--
Sekundärstrom I2
--
Primärstrom I1
--
Übertragene Leistung P
--
Echtzeit-Formelherleitung
Grundformel:
--Einsetzungsschritte:
--Physikalischer Zustand: --
Typische Beispielaufgaben & Prüfungsfallen
Worked Problem
Aufgabe: Ideal transformer (220V in, n1:n2 = 11:1) powers a 20V 40W bulb. Find output voltage and primary current.
Schrittweise Herleitung:
- U2 = 220*(1/11) = 20V. Output power = 40W. Ideal power balance P1 = P2 = 40W => I1 = 40/220 = 0.182A.
Worked Problem
Aufgabe: Power plant exports 100kW over 10kV line (R=10Ω). Calculate current, transmission loss, and grid efficiency.
Schrittweise Herleitung:
- Current I = 100kW/10kV = 10A. Line loss P_loss = 10²*10 = 1000W = 1kW. Delivered power = 99kW. Efficiency = 99%.
Arbeitsblatt für den Unterricht & Hausaufgaben
Q1. Variant 1: In ideal transformers, does primary dictate secondary, or vice versa, for voltage vs power?
Answer Key: Voltage is dictated by primary (input U1 sets U2). Current and power are dictated by secondary load (load demand sets I1 and P1).
Q2. Variant 2: Can a transformer step up or down steady DC voltage? Why or why not?
Answer Key: Never! Transformers rely on mutual induction. Steady DC produces static magnetic flux (dΦ/dt = 0), inducing zero secondary voltage.
Q3. Variant 3: When the secondary is open circuit (no load), does the primary draw current or power?
Answer Key: In ideal models, input power is zero. Real transformers draw a tiny magnetizing idle current to maintain core flux, dissipating minor core heat.
Häufige Fragen & typische Missverständnisse
Does a transformer change the frequency of AC power?
Never! Transformers alter voltage and current amplitudes only. Frequency remains strictly identical (e.g. 50Hz stays 50Hz).
With multiple secondary windings, does I1/I2 = n2/n1 still apply?
No! Single-secondary ratio formula fails. Use total power balance: P_in = P_out1 + P_out2 (U1*I1 = U2*I2 + U3*I3).
Why is Ultra-High Voltage (UHV ±1100kV) grid technology a strategic engineering marvel?
Transfers clean hydropower and solar from western regions 3,000+ km to coastal cities with minimal line loss.
Does an idle phone charger plugged into the wall consume electricity when phone is unplugged?
Yes! The internal switched transformer draws ~0.05W to 0.2W phantom power to maintain idle circuitry; unplugging prevents vampire drain and aging.