Механика и простые механизмы · GCSE Physics Topic 5 (Simple Machines)
Симулятор наклонной плоскости и винтовой резьбы
Симулятор наклонной плоскости и винта: золотое правило механики и выигрыш в силе
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Окно 3D симуляции● 60 FPS
Параметры эксперимента
m
m
N
Расчёты и показатели в реальном времени
Идеальное усилие F0
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Реальное усилие F
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Выигрыш в силе
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Механический КПД
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Вывод формул в реальном времени
Основная формула:
--Подстановка значений:
--Физическое состояние: --
Разбор типовых задач и анализ экзаменационных ошибок
Worked Problem
Условие задачи: A winding mountain road is 3km long with 300m height gain. A 50000N truck faces 5*10^6 J friction work. Find useful work, total work and efficiency.
Пошаговый вывод формул:
- Useful work W_u = 50000*300 = 1.5*10^7 J. Total work W_t = 1.5*10^7 + 5*10^6 = 2.0*10^7 J. Efficiency η = 75%.
Worked Problem
Условие задачи: Slope is 1m high, 4m long. A 300N pull moves an 800N load uniformly to the top. Find friction and efficiency.
Пошаговый вывод формул:
- W_total = 300*4 = 1200J. W_useful = 800*1 = 800J. Extra work W_extra = 400J. Friction f = 400/4 = 100N. Efficiency η = 66.7%.
Рабочий лист для урока и домашние задания
Q1. Variant 1: Does an inclined plane have higher or lower efficiency when steeper?
Answer Key: Higher efficiency! Steeper slopes decrease normal force N=G*cosθ and friction, reducing wasted extra work (though requiring greater pulling effort).
Q2. Variant 2: Why do mountain roads wind in switchbacks instead of ascending straight up?
Answer Key: Winding curves increase road length L, lowering required uphill engine tractive effort by the inclined plane principle.
Q3. Variant 3: What are the trade-offs between finer (denser) vs coarser screw thread pitch?
Answer Key: Finer pitch creates a gentler slope, making tightening much easier and self-locking firmer, but requires more turns to drive in.
Часто задаваемые вопросы и типичные заблуждения
Can an inclined plane save work?
Never! The principle of work dictates no machine saves work. Saving force always requires traversing a proportionally greater distance.
How does a screw convert rotation to linear force with mechanical advantage?
A screw coils an inclined plane around a shaft. A modest torque applied at the perimeter translates along the thread pitch into immense axial clamping force.
Can inclined plane efficiency ever reach 100%?
Not in reality. Friction always causes unavoidable wasted heat work, bounding mechanical efficiency below 100%.
Is a wedge (axe blade or knife) an application of an inclined plane?
Yes! An axe is a double inclined plane placed back-to-back. Forward driving force decomposes into large lateral wedge splitting forces.