Eletricidade e eletromagnetismo · AP Physics C (Magnetism)
Simulador de força de Lorentz e partículas carregadas
Simulador da força de Lorentz e trajetória de partículas carregadas no campo magnético
- No navegador
- Sem cadastro
- Dedução ao vivo
- Modo projetor
- Folha de exercícios A4
Janela de simulação 3D● 60 FPS
Variáveis de controle do experimento
×10⁶ m/s
T
Deduções e métricas em tempo real
Raio da órbita r
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Período do cíclotron T
--
Módulo da força de Lorentz
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Sentido da deflexão
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Dedução de fórmulas em tempo real
Fórmula fundamental:
--Substituição de valores:
--Estado físico: --
Exemplos clássicos e armadilhas de exame
Worked Problem
Problema: Proton (m=1.67*10^-27kg, q=1.6*10^-19C) enters B=0.1T at v=10^6 m/s. Find orbit radius and period.
Derivação passo a passo:
- r = mv/(qB) = 10.4cm. Period T = 2πm/(qB) = 0.656 μs.
Worked Problem
Problema: Why does the Lorentz force do zero work on moving charges? Can it change particle velocity?
Derivação passo a passo:
- Force f = q(v x B) is always strictly perpendicular to velocity (cos 90° = 0), doing zero work. It alters velocity direction, not speed.
Folha de investigação em aula e exercícios
Q1. Variant 1: When applying the Left-Hand Rule for negative charges (electrons), which direction must the 4 fingers point?
Answer Key: Opposite to electron velocity (along conventional current direction). Thumb then points to the true force vector.
Q2. Variant 2: What dictates max kinetic energy in a cyclotron? Increase accelerating voltage U or Dees radius R?
Answer Key: Ek,max = q²B²R²/(2m). Max energy depends strictly on B and Dee radius R, independent of accelerating voltage U.
Q3. Variant 3: What two stages comprise a mass spectrometer? How does it resolve chemical isotopes?
Answer Key: Velocity selector (v = E/B) + deflection magnetic chamber. Equal-speed isotopes trace radius r = mv/(qB) proportional to atomic mass m.
Perguntas frequentes e erros comuns
How to remember when to use the Left Hand vs Right Hand rule in electromagnetism?
Rule of thumb: "Force = Left Hand, Electricity Generation = Right Hand". Use left hand for forces (Ampere, Lorentz); right hand for induced currents.
If a charged particle travels parallel to magnetic field lines, does it experience a Lorentz force?
Zero force! f = qvB*sin(0°) = 0. The particle continues in an unperturbed straight line at constant velocity.
What spatial trajectory results if a charge enters a magnetic field at an oblique angle θ?
A helical helix orbit! The parallel velocity component drives uniform translation while perpendicular component traces circular orbits.
How does the geomagnetic field shield Earth from solar wind? How are auroras formed?
The magnetosphere deflects lethal solar cosmic particles via Lorentz forces, channeling them down polar lines to excite atmospheric atoms into glowing auroras.