Termodinâmica e calorimetria · GCSE Physics Topic 3
Simulador de dilatação térmica e lâmina bimetálica
Simulador de dilatação térmica linear e termostato bimetálico: deflexão diferencial
- No navegador
- Sem cadastro
- Dedução ao vivo
- Modo projetor
- Folha de exercícios A4
Janela de simulação 3D● 60 FPS
Variáveis de controle do experimento
°C
×10⁻⁶/K
×10⁻⁶/K
mm
Deduções e métricas em tempo real
Deflexão da ponta δ
--
Estado do contato
--
Raio de curvatura R
--
Sentido da curvatura
--
Dedução de fórmulas em tempo real
Fórmula fundamental:
--Substituição de valores:
--Estado físico: --
Exemplos clássicos e armadilhas de exame
Worked Problem
Problema: A 100m steel rail laid at -10°C faces 40°C in summer (α = 1.2*10^-5 /°C). Find thermal expansion stretch and joint gap.
Derivação passo a passo:
- Δt = 50°C. Stretch ΔL = α * L * Δt = 1.2*10^-5 * 100 * 50 = 0.06m = 6cm. Joint gap must exceed 6cm.
Worked Problem
Problema: A bimetallic strip is made of copper and iron (copper expands more). Which way does it bend when heated? When cooled?
Derivação passo a passo:
- Heated: bends toward the iron side (iron on concave inside). Cooled: bends toward the copper side (copper contracts more).
Folha de investigação em aula e exercícios
Q1. Variant 1: What principle governs liquid thermometers? Why can't water be used as thermometric fluid?
Answer Key: Based on thermal expansion. Water exhibits anomalous expansion (contracts between 0°C and 4°C), causing false inverted readings.
Q2. Variant 2: Why do long steam pipelines feature periodic Ω-shaped (horseshoe) expansion loops?
Answer Key: Expansion compensators! They flex elastically to absorb longitudinal thermal expansion strain, preventing pipe rupture.
Q3. Variant 3: Why do power lines sag in summer and tighten in winter? What caution must linemen exercise when stringing in summer?
Answer Key: Summer heat stretches wires; winter cold contracts them. Linemen must allow sufficient slack in summer to prevent winter snaps.
Perguntas frequentes e erros comuns
Why is water's maximum density at 4°C vital for freshwater fish winter survival?
4°C dense water sinks to the lake bottom while 0°C ice floats on top as an insulating blanket, keeping the lake bottom stably at 4°C.
Why are asphalt expansion relief joints cut into concrete highways every dozen meters?
Prevents road buckling! Without expansion slits, intense summer solar heat expands concrete until slabs buckle violently and shatter.
How do fire alarms and MEMS devices implement bimetallic strips?
Ambient fire heat curls the bimetallic beam across a contact gap, triggering alarm sirens; in MEMS, differential expansion tilts micro-mirrors.
If a steel ruler calibrated at 0°C is used in a 40°C heatwave, does the reading err high or low?
Reads LOW! The steel ruler thermally expands, spacing millimeter marks further apart, so fewer units span the measured object.