Mecânica e máquinas simples · GCSE Physics Pressure in Fluids
Simulador de prensa hidráulica de Pascal
Simulador da lei de Pascal e elevador hidráulico: transmissão de pressão F1/A1 = F2/A2
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- Sem cadastro
- Dedução ao vivo
- Modo projetor
- Folha de exercícios A4
Janela de simulação 3D● 60 FPS
Variáveis de controle do experimento
N
cm²
cm²
cm
Deduções e métricas em tempo real
Força de saída F2
--
Pressão do líquido p
--
Multiplicador de força
--
Elevação de saída h2
--
Dedução de fórmulas em tempo real
Fórmula fundamental:
--Substituição de valores:
--Estado físico: --
Exemplos clássicos e armadilhas de exame
Worked Problem
Problema: Small piston has A1=10cm², large piston A2=200cm². A 200N force pushes small piston down 20cm. Find lift force and rise height.
Derivação passo a passo:
- Pressure p = 200/10 = 20N/cm². Output force F2 = 20*200 = 4000N. Volume displacement h2 = (10*20)/200 = 1cm.
Worked Problem
Problema: List at least three everyday devices operating on the communicating vessels principle.
Derivação passo a passo:
- 1) Teapot and spout; 2) boiler sight glass level indicator; 3) plumbing P-trap odor water seal; 4) Three Gorges ship locks.
Folha de investigação em aula e exercícios
Q1. Variant 1: Why are dam walls constructed thicker at the base than at the top?
Answer Key: Liquid pressure p = rho*g*h increases linearly with depth, exerting far greater pressure on the dam base.
Q2. Variant 2: In a U-tube with water, 10cm of unknown oil balances 8cm of water. Find oil density.
Answer Key: Pressure equilibrium at interface: rho_oil * 10 = rho_water * 8 => rho_oil = 0.8 g/cm³.
Q3. Variant 3: A hydraulic lift has large piston radius 5x the small piston. Find output force for 100N input.
Answer Key: Area ratio scales as radius squared: A2/A1 = 5² = 25. Thus F2 = 25 * 100N = 2500N.
Perguntas frequentes e erros comuns
Does Pascal's principle apply to gases?
It strictly applies to incompressible liquids. Gases compress when loaded, delaying and diminishing pressure transmission, which is why hydraulic brake lines must be bled of air bubbles.
Does a hydraulic lift save energy?
No. Output force is multiplied by A2/A1, but output stroke is reduced by the exact same ratio. W1 = F1*h1 = F2*h2 = W2, obeying energy conservation.
Why does a brake fluid leak cause automobile brake failure?
Brakes transmit master cylinder pressure through hydraulic fluid to calipers via Pascal's principle. Leaks release pressure, preventing brake calipers from clamping discs.
Do communicating vessels with unequal diameters still equalize level?
Yes. Hydrostatic pressure p = rho*g*h depends only on fluid density and vertical depth, independent of tube cross-section or geometry.