Termodinámica y energía · GCSE Physics Topic 3 (Heat Energy Transfer)
Simulador de mecanismos de transferencia de calor
Simulador de mecanismos de transferencia térmica: conducción, convección y radiación
- Cálculo en cliente
- Sin registro
- Derivación en vivo
- Modo proyector
- Hoja de trabajo A4
Ventana de simulación 3D● 60 FPS
Variables de control del experimento
°C
°C
Derivaciones y métricas en tiempo real
Pérdida por conducción
--
Pérdida por convección
--
Pérdida por radiación
--
Temperatura final a las 24 h
--
Derivación de fórmulas en tiempo real
Fórmula básica:
--Sustitución de valores:
--Estado físico: --
Ejemplos clásicos y análisis de errores en exámenes
Worked Problem
Problema: Why are heating radiators installed near the floor while AC cooling units are mounted high up on walls?
Derivación paso a paso:
- Exploits natural convection! Radiator heats low dense air so it rises. AC chills top air so dense cool air sinks, circulating room air.
Worked Problem
Problema: Across 150 million km of vacuum space, does solar heat reach Earth via conduction, convection, or radiation? Why?
Derivación paso a paso:
- Radiation! Conduction and convection require physical matter particles. Thermal radiation travels via electromagnetic waves across vacuum.
Hoja de indagación en clase y tareas
Q1. Variant 1: Why does a fluffy down jacket keep you warm in winter? What heat path does it block?
Answer Key: Traps vast pockets of stagnant air. Dead air is an outstanding thermal insulator; fiber pockets halt convection.
Q2. Variant 2: Why are astronaut spacesuits covered in bright reflective white fabric and gold-coated mylar?
Answer Key: To defeat radiation! Sunlit space hits 120°C; shadow plunges to -150°C. Mirrored gold films reflect >90% of solar radiation.
Q3. Variant 3: Why are skillet and frying pan handles made of wood or bakelite plastic?
Answer Key: Thermal insulator! Bakelite has low thermal conductivity, preventing dangerous conduction from the hot iron pan.
Preguntas frecuentes y errores conceptuales
Between iron skillets and duck down, which is a good vs poor thermal conductor?
Iron is a good thermal conductor (free electron mobility carries heat rapidly). Air, feathers, wood, and plastics are poor conductors (insulators).
Is wearing light or dark clothing cooler in summer sunlight?
Light clothing! Dark textiles absorb almost all solar radiation, spiking temperature. White and light fabrics reflect most incident sunlight.
Does microwave cooking belong to conduction, convection, or radiation?
None of the classical three! Microwaves penetrate to excite water dipole molecular rotation directly throughout bulk volume.
Touching outdoor -5°C iron feels freezing, while -5°C wood feels milder. Is the iron actually colder?
Identical temperature (-5°C)! Hands perceive heat loss rate, not temperature. Iron rapidly siphons heat away via high conductivity.