Mecánica y máquinas simples · GCSE Physics Topic 5
Simulador de presión atmosférica y barómetro de Torricelli
Simulador de presión atmosférica y barómetro de Torricelli: columna de mercurio
- Cálculo en cliente
- Sin registro
- Derivación en vivo
- Modo proyector
- Hoja de trabajo A4
Ventana de simulación 3D● 60 FPS
Variables de control del experimento
kPa
°
cm
Derivaciones y métricas en tiempo real
Altura vertical h
--
Longitud de la columna inclinada L
--
Estado del vacío superior
--
Límite de elevación de agua por pistón
--
Derivación de fórmulas en tiempo real
Fórmula básica:
--Sustitución de valores:
--Estado físico: --
Ejemplos clásicos y análisis de errores en exámenes
Worked Problem
Problema: In a Torricelli experiment tilted at 30°, how do vertical height and column length change?
Derivación paso a paso:
- Vertical height is determined by atmospheric pressure and remains 760mm; column length increases to 760/cos(30°) ≈ 877.6mm.
Worked Problem
Problema: If water replaced mercury in Torricelli experiment, how tall is the water column? Can a piston pump lift water 15m?
Derivación paso a paso:
- Water column h = p/(ρg) = 1.013*10^5 / (1000*9.8) ≈ 10.33m. Piston pumps rely on atmospheric pressure and cannot exceed 10.33m.
Hoja de indagación en clase y tareas
Q1. Variant 1: If a bubble of air leaks into the top Torricellian space, does the measured pressure read high or low?
Answer Key: Reads low! Trapped air exerts downward pressure p_air, so mercury column ρgh = p0 - p_air < p0.
Q2. Variant 2: Carrying a Torricelli barometer to a mountain peak, how does the mercury column change?
Answer Key: It drops lower. Air density decreases with altitude, lowering atmospheric pressure and supported mercury height.
Q3. Variant 3: What force pulls apart two 30cm diameter evacuated Magdeburg hemispheres? (p=10^5 Pa)
Answer Key: Effective cross-section area S = πr² = 0.0707 m². Pull force F = p*S = 10^5 * 0.0707 ≈ 7070N.
Preguntas frecuentes y errores conceptuales
Why doesn't mercury fountain out when the tube top is pierced?
Liquids fountain only if internal pressure exceeds external pressure. The top is a vacuum (0 Pa). Piercing lets 101 kPa air rush in, letting gravity drop the mercury.
Does using a wider glass tube change mercury height?
No! Hydrostatic pressure p = ρgh depends solely on density ρ and vertical height h, independent of cross-sectional area.
Does slightly lifting the tube change the mercury elevation difference?
No! The vertical elevation difference between column top and basin level remains 760mm. The top vacuum space expands.
Can astronauts drink with straws in space?
Inside a pressurized space station, yes; in the vacuum of outer space, no, because there is no atmospheric pressure to push liquid up.